Consumption of a substance in a manner or amount which is very harmful to the user and its surrounding is termed as substance abuse. For many teens, illicit use of central stimulants such as khat, methamphetamine and dopamine become part of the landscape of their teenage years. Effect of substance abuse in adolescence is a very risky proposition. Similarly, problematic drinking of alcohol which leads to alcohol dependency is called alcoholism .In this dependency various psychological and clinical changes takes place in the human body including alcoholic liver diseases. Women alcoholism during pregnancy may result in fetal alcohol syndrome which is a pattern of seviour physical and mental defects in the developing fetus.

Drug addiction is a brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking, despite of its harmful consequences. It causes changes in the normal activity of the nervous system damaging the nerve tissues, killing neurons and this leads to dysregulation of neural system. Thus uncontrolled drug use results in toxicity of brain. Some of the behavioral effects of drug addiction include Paranoia, Aggressiveness, Impulsiveness, and Loss of Self-Control. Prescription drugs that are often abused are opioids, sleep medicines.

Various advancements in addiction treatment techniques will help in providing quality care for people with unhealthy alcohol, tobacco, or other drug use. Among them Cognitive behavioral therapy is a form of psychotherapy designed to treat behavioral effects of substance abuse. The Behavioral Pharmacology Research is a substance abuse clinical research program encompassing both human laboratory research and outpatient treatment research. Neurorehabilitation and therapy offers complex medical process which aims to aid recovery from a nervous system injury due to addiction. 12 step recovery therapies involves an active engagement strategy designed to increase the likelihood of a substance abuser becoming affiliated with and actively involved in 12-step self-help groups, thereby promoting abstinence It has long been an important part of the recovery process and the basis for many recovery programs.

Addiction is a condition that results when a person ingests a substance or engages in an activity that can be pleasurable but the continued use or act of which becomes compulsive and interferes with ordinary life responsibilities, such as work, health, and relationships. Most common type of addiction is drug addiction along with cocaine and gambling addiction. Tobacco and smoking addiction is mainly present in Asian & European countries.

Substance abuse causes alteration in the genetic structure and functions of nervous system which leads to various neurological and behavioral changes in the form of substance abuse disorders. For the treatment of substance related disorders it is necessary to understand the neurology of substance use.

For the appropriate diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and support of the clients dealing with addiction it is necessary to understand addiction psychology and various psychological disorders related to addiction. Psychologists foster the application of information obtained from psychological behavior study to treat behavioral aspects of addiction. Hypnotherapy is also used to create subconscious change in a patient in the form of new responses, thoughts, attitudes, behaviors and feelings. Group therapy is also used in the case to assist patients in connecting with other patients on an emotional level. This process often helps in building bonds that provide patients with much-needed support once they leave the program.

Behavioral changes in human race occur due to various multimedia addictions which is becoming prominent in the daily life of the community. Among this, major is food addiction, caused due to binge eating habits and unscheduled meal sessions. Internet usage and gaming is most prominent in the young generation as they are always connected to the digital media sources to gain knowledge about the current activities all across the globe. Hence, living standards and habits changes to explore new trends in fashion world and lead them to be shopping addicts. More exposure and freeness in the society is increasing the concerns for serious involvement in pornography or other related sex addiction activities.

Inability to produce or utilize "feel good" chemicals from serotonin and dopamine, to norepinephrine, GABA and endorphins is termed as Reward Deficiency Syndrome. Neuroscientifically, when levels of these "feel good" chemicals are low or blocked from the brain's receptors it results in pain, discomfort and agitation. Reward deficiency is associated with mood instability, anxiety, hypersensitivity and irritability.

Marijuana and opioid addiction are the most common type of drug addiction. According to Addiction biology of marijuana, marijuana use can overstimulation the endocannabinoid system which causes changes in the brain. In order to minimize its effects control measures are taken. Opioid dependence characterized by a compulsive use of opioids. Opioid treatment measures include various maintenance therapies like pharmacologic therapy, methadone maintenance therapy.

Drug addiction causes long lasting changes in the in vulnerable individuals. The persistence of these behavioral changes is due to long-lasting changes in gene expression in order to drive these lasting changes in gene expression epigenetic mechanisms play a very important role. Molecular addiction mechanism is used to understand the Regulation of gene expression by drug of abuse. From case studies and reports it is stated that Pain medicine can causes seviour addiction problem and it is a matter of public health concern.

Addiction psychiatry focuses on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of people who are suffering from one or more disorders and mental health issues related to addiction. Counseling and addiction treatment is very essential for such individuals. Due to latest advancement in technologies like Mobile health, now days it has become so easy for the people to get connected to health services and being updated with all the information. Rural and underserved communities often suffer from limited access to specialty treatment programs this can be overcome by Tele mental health. Online Recovery programs provide the opportunity for alcohol and drug addiction treatment by trained experts via the Internet, in a way that is convenient and private.

Yoga and retreat approaches have been designed to provide natural remedies, which inhibits the prolonged use of any substance. People who are mentally ill are prescribed to go with yoga as it restores brains dopamine functions and keeps stress out. Meditation brings the mid the state of rest, in which a human thinks of present. Dance and music therapies are given to people to bring a ray of hope inside them that they still can perform better than others. Retreat facilities provides special period of time for prayer, silence, rest, simplicity and contemplation. It is a way out from life’s daily stresses as well as an opportunity to deepen one’s experience of self and the universal energy that surrounds and supports us. Relapse offers a systematic method of teaching the abuser to recognize and manage relapse warning signs

Chronic alcoholism and drug addiction adversely affect the normal neurobiology of nervous system, and causes brain disorders followed by memory loss and hormones instability. Alcohol related brain impairment (ARBI) is a type of brain damage that occurs to normal brain structures or function of the Central Nervous System as a result of the direct neurotoxic effects of alcohol intoxication. Brain imaging studies of addictive substances using individuals show changes in areas of the brain that are critical to judgment, decision making, learning and memory, and behavior control