Day 3 :
- Marijuana and Opioid Addiction
Session Introduction
Adeela saba
Global welfare organization, Pakistan
Title: Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) with Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) for dealing substance craving among substance abusers
Biography:
Adeela Saba has completed advance Diploma in Clinical Psychology from University of Sargodha, Pakistan. She is working as Psychologist at Global Welfare
Organization, Pakistan.
Abstract:
The present study explored the effi cacy of Rational Emotive Behavior Th erapy (REBT) with Emotional Freedom Technique
(EFT) for dealing substance craving among substance abusers. It was hypothesized that Rational Emotive Behavior Th erapy
(REBT) with Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) are likely to be more eff ective for dealing craving then Rational Emotive
Behavior Th erapy (REBT). Repeated measure research design was employed and non probability purposive sampling was
used to draw a sample of 20 patients who had undergone treatment for substance used disorder from addiction wards, Punjab
Institute of Mental health (PIMH) and Fountain House, Lahore. Demographic Information Sheet, History take examination
and Brief Substance Craving scale (BSCS) were used to assess demographic information, history of patients related to drug
abuse and craving level (before and aft er the treatment). T test indicated that REBT with EFT is more eff ective for dealing
craving than REBT. Th e present study contributes for the importance of eclectic approach in the treatment through this
approach patients gain help for controlling craving issue not only for physical craving as well as psychological craving with
very short of time.
Namita Saini Singh
Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, India
Title: White matter structural damage results in memory decline and impaired visual information processing in abstinent chronic alcoholics as seen on DTI
Biography:
Namita Singh now working as Scientist ‘E’ at Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Delhi. She earned her MBBS degree from Lady Hardinge
Medical College, Delhi University, India in 1990. She has done her MD in Radio-diagnosis from Delhi University in 1999. She had served with Indian Army Medical
Corps from 1992 to 2002 and joined INMAS in 2004 where she is working in the NMR Department housing a 3T MRI from Siemens (Skyra). Her current interest
involves studying cognitive impairment in alcoholic subjects, HIV positive subjects using advanced MR imaging t.echniques. She has also conducted research on
spinal tuberculosis using DTI.
Abstract:
Chronic alcohol abuse is characterized by impaired cognitive abilities with a more severe defi cit in visual than in verbal
function.
Using DTI we found evidence of microstructural defi cits in abstinent alcoholic men in white matter tracts of the right
hemisphere. We found inverse correlation of FA with memory dysfunction scores in white matter tracts associated with reward
circuitry suggesting that white matter defi cit could contribute to memory decline in chronic alcoholics.
Neuropsychological tests to assess visual processing skills and defi cits were correlated with Fractional Anisotropy and
Mean Diff usivity in the inferior and superior fronto-occipital fasciculus. We found reduced FA and increased MD in these
tracts. FA showed an inverse correlation while MD showed a direct correlation with neuropsychological tests.
Further spectroscopy studies at our centre also showed a signifi cant increase in Cho/Cr and myo-inositol /creatine ratios
while NAA/Cr and Glutamate-Glutamine/Creatine were signifi cantly decreased. Th e results suggest that metabolic alterations
in the primary visual cortex may contribute to neuropsychological impairment in visual information processing.
WK Tang
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
Title: Evidence of brain damage in chronic ketamine users – a brain imaging study
Biography:
Francisco Jos Montero Bancalero, from Spain, studied psychology at Seville University and obtained his doctorate at Huelva University. He is currently a professor
at Osuna University His professional career started in the fi eld of addictions working as a therapist in an outpatient treatment center, and then he began to participate
in different investigation projects. He has long been interested in female alcoholism, working on it both as a researcher and therapist. He received funding from
the Andalusian government to carry out an investigation comparing alcoholism by gender. In a therapeutic context he has managed group therapy for alcoholic
women. He has become a member of the National Hispanic Science Network on Drug Abuse and has presented his research at different international conferences.
Abstract:
In recent decades, female alcoholism (FA) has become a growing phenomenon in Spain. Changes in the traditional family
structure and the assumption of typically male roles by women have contributed to the current situation. However, the
features and meaning of female alcoholism are diff erent from males. Jellinek (1960) described diff erent profi les for alcoholism,
but we have to consider him specifi c nature of alcoholism when women are considered. First, FA is underconsidered because
it remains hidden much more time. As a result, the time needed to access treatment is longer than for men, and the associated
damage is greater. It is important to highlight that women suff er a greater social stigma than men. Most of the time, women are
expected to fulfi ll their responsibilities despite their addiction disease, but the same is not expected of men.
Etiological factors are also diff erent when you look at FA. 50% of alcoholic women were victims of family violence in
childhood and married an alcoholic husband.
One of the most important factors that point to the need for a specifi c approach to FA is that special treatment programs
aimed at alcoholic women achieve better results than programs without a gender perspective.
As with men, diff erent profi les can be identifi ed when FA is considered. Based on our own experience, we suspected the
existence of two other profi les for FA that would show the complexity of this phenomenon. On the one hand, we observed a
profi le mainly associated with a particular stage of the family life cycle, featuring a middle-aged woman whose alcohol problems
get worse when children leave the family home. On the other hand, we suspected another profi le particularly associated with
a broken home, characterized by a woman that develops an early problematic consumption of alcohol, together with a higher
rate of psychopathological comorbidity
Qudsia Nashee
University of the Punjab, Pakistan
Title: Traumatic experiences in childhood and coping strategies among drug addicts
Biography:
Qudsia Nashee completed her Mphil in Applied psychology from Institute of Applied Psychology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. She is working as
psychologist and visiting lecturer at present. She has experience of fi ve years in drug addiction rehabilitation and treatment.
Abstract:
The present study explored the relationship between traumatic experiences in childhood and coping strategies among
drug addicts. It was hypothesized that there is likely to be relationship between traumatic experiences in childhood and
coping strategies among drug addicts. Correlational research design was employed and non probability purposive sampling
was used to draw a sample of 80 participants from addiction centers, Fountain House, Emaan Clinic, Silver lining and Pak
Clinic Lahore. Demographic Information Sheet, Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form (Bremner, Bolus, & Mayer,
2007), Brief Cope were used to assess demographic information, traumatic experiences in childhood and coping strategies
respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that there was a signifi cant positive relationship between traumatic experiences in
childhood and coping strategies. Emotional abuse showed a signifi cant positive relationship with humor coping. Sexual abuse
showed a signifi cant positive relationship with self distracting and substance use coping. General traumas showed a signifi cant
negative relationship with positive reframing coping. Physical punishment showed no relationship with subscales of Brief cope.
Th e study contributes for development of better patient’s treatment plans and recovery and also provides literature for new
researchers to work in this area and create awareness about coping styles.
David McCauley
Oak valley Foundation, USA
Title: Approaches for addiction treatment: The freedom of choice today
Biography:
David E McCauley is the Author of Addiction to Recovery / Unlocking your Potential.This book has been featured on TV Healthy Lifestyles with Eraldo. David began
working in the fi eld of substance use disorders in 1991. Working in St. Clair's Hospital detox unit while studying at Rutgers University and earning his certifi cation
in alcohol and drug counseling as well as becom-ing a certifi ed social worker. He later moved on to an outpatient facility then worked with the Division of Youth and
Family Services before opening his own outpatient program (Life Skills Counseling in 1998. In recovery since 1989 David brings in the accumulation of existential
reali-zation, many resources, years in recovery, education, insights and years working in the fi eld, with all adepts in the goal of personal transformation from
addiction to recovery. An integrated approach to living in wellness of recovery by reframing the process in such a way that the right interpretation by the individual
will help recovery click into place. Currently working on forth-coming book, Recovery: What Cost so Little is Worth so Much. This book will provide a new optimistic
outlook as a guide for the unwary who have failed at recovery in the past and those coming into recovery for the fi rst time.
Abstract:
With the freedom of choice today we must look at all approaches for Addiction Treatment for the individual. Th e models
include Twelve-Step programs, Smart Recovery, Motivational Th erapy, Holistic Approach, Religious Approach, Rational
Recovery, One-on-One Counseling Approach, and individuals who stop on their own, who have great insight to off er. What we
need to celebrate is the self-discovery of the individual, with that in mind we must look at always in which an individual can be
relieved of a lifestyle of addiction. Th is presentation will also include an introduction to the insight of the book Addiction to
Recovery / Unlocking your Potential this book is a doorway that leaves an open mind to a higher more integrated way of living.
With the concept that all change starts in the mind, in order to have a breakthrough in recovery, it requires a shift of awareness
and consciousness in the individual- a shift in how we deal with our problems. All answers lie in the discovery of our inner
freedom, with the freedom of choice the individual will have many reasons to feel optimistic about their life and their future.
Addiction to Recovery is a book of knowledge about life in recovery. Bringing the mind, body, soul and self together as one in
order to have a breakthrough in recovery. In recovery the individual must heal what is broken, one must start with the inner
core of their being. Our answers to many questions of life lie in our soul, buried under the wounds of our past and present.
Th ey must be revealed and understood, and learn from released and “let go of for good.” One must rise from the unconscious
addictive thinking into conscious thinking, where recovery is given meaning and purpose, thus enhancing the individuals life.
It is in essential key to happiness, inner peace and freedom in recovery.
Adeela saba
Global welfare organization, Pakistan
Title: Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) with Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) for dealing substance craving among substance abusers
Biography:
Adeela Saba has completed advance Diploma in Clinical Psychology from University of Sargodha, Pakistan. She is working as Psychologist at Global Welfare
Organization, Pakistan.
Abstract:
The present study explored the effi cacy of Rational Emotive Behavior Th erapy (REBT) with Emotional Freedom Technique
(EFT) for dealing substance craving among substance abusers. It was hypothesized that Rational Emotive Behavior Th erapy
(REBT) with Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) are likely to be more eff ective for dealing craving then Rational Emotive
Behavior Th erapy (REBT). Repeated measure research design was employed and non probability purposive sampling was
used to draw a sample of 20 patients who had undergone treatment for substance used disorder from addiction wards, Punjab
Institute of Mental health (PIMH) and Fountain House, Lahore. Demographic Information Sheet, History take examination
and Brief Substance Craving scale (BSCS) were used to assess demographic information, history of patients related to drug
abuse and craving level (before and aft er the treatment). T test indicated that REBT with EFT is more eff ective for dealing
craving than REBT. Th e present study contributes for the importance of eclectic approach in the treatment through this
approach patients gain help for controlling craving issue not only for physical craving as well as psychological craving with
very short of time.
Biography:
He completed bachelor degree in Law on 2006. After fi nished I had experience in Research about Drug, substances, game and Internet addict. Then he completed
Master degree in Addiction Studies from Mahidol University, Thailand on 2015. Right now he is a researcher at ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol
University, Thailand. My research fi elds are Policy and community based drug rehabilitation.
Abstract:
Drug and substance abuse, including tobacco and alcohol, are a cause of deaths. Th e global demand for drugs has not been
substantially reduced and so some challenges exist in the implementation of the drug control system, in the violations
generated by drug traffi cking of illicit drugs, in the fast evolving nature of new psychoactive substances, and those in national
legislative measures, which may result in a violation of human rights. Th roughout the world of narcotics traffi cking, world
heroin consumption (340 tons) and seizures represent an annual fl ow of 430-450 tons of heroin into the global heroin market.
People experiment with drugs for many diff erent reasons, and many of them fi rst try drugs out of curiosity, to relax and have a
good time, visibility from friends and peer encouragement, enhance athletic performance and activity, and/or to ease problems
with prolonged stress, anxiety, or depression. Th ey probably start from smoking to hard drugs, which cannot be controlled
when addicted, which leads to drug abuse. Th e Gateway Hypothesis was fi rst proposed by Denise Kandel in 1975 in her article
“Stages in Adolescent Involvement in Drug Use”, which entails the idea of the logical sequence that users of hard drugs (cocaine
and heroin) begin with licit substances (alcohol and tobacco) to marijuana and ends with harder illicit substances. Th is study
was to examine the gateway drug theory in order to determine which drug (alcohol, tobacco, or marijuana) is the actual
“gateway” that leads to additional substance use in patients. Th e cross-sectional studies were used and data were collected, in
which the calculated numbers of the sample size were 440 cases. Th e questionnaires were supplied to drug addict patients at
Princess Mother National Institute on Drug Abuse Treatment. Th e reliability of the values were calculated to be greater than
0.7. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. P value < 0.05 is considered statistically signifi cant.
Th e results showed ages of between 18-56 years old. Age of onset was 17 years old. Th is result confi rmed the gateway
theory, in which 3 patterns of the gateway were found respectively as follows: Cigarette - Alcohol - Methamphetamine (27.0%,
P value < 0.05), Cigarette - Alcohol - Marijuana (18.6%, P value < 0.05), Cigarette - Methamphetamine - Crystal Ice (10.2%, P
value < 0.05). Research found that knowledge and attitude are not statistically and signifi cantly associated with the pattern of
cigarette - alcohol - methamphetamine.
In conclusion, this is the fi rst study on patient abuse that shows the gateway theory. Th e present study examined the extent
and ordering of licit and illicit drug use. Th e typical gateway sequences of patients were cigarettes prior to illicit drugs. While
previous studies have consistently documented that the use of an earlier substance in the gateway sequence predicts progression
to use of later substances. Th e recommendations from the studies were focusing on drug prevention in Th ai children.
Biography:
Michael Judd is a Certifi ed Recovery Advisor, Certifi ed Recovery Support Specialist, WRAP Facilitator, CCAR Recovery Coach. Using personal experience and
evidence based practices to affect positive changes in those individuals suffering from chemical dependence. A Certifi ed Facilitator offering trainings in evidence
based practices such as WRAP, Wraparound, Motivational Interviewing, Recovery Coaching, and Alternatives to Violence.
Abstract:
Addiction is increasingly conceptualized as a chronic disease, yet the current addiction treatment system is largely based
upon an acute model. Th is current model consists of costly residential care and is followed by intensive outpatient
programs. Th e model has been eff ective for some but could be more successful with a continual evaluation and modifi cation
to an individual’s needs. Due to the high demand for individuals needing treatment, current inpatient and outpatient services
aim to develop a one size fi ts all approach. Th is type of approach touches the greatest amount of individuals at the lowest
cost to already strained budgets. Nevertheless, the cost savings is front loaded and short term. Readmission rates, healthcare
treatment and judicial costs continue to rise. Th e current treatment model cannot meet the challenges unique to each client.
Th e need for recovery support, relapse prevention, assessing and addressing environmental and social barriers, as well as
integration back into the home and the community has been a challenge for traditional treatment methods.
Traditionally, individuals were expected to fi t into routines and practices that treatment providers referred them to.
However, recent studies have revealed the eff ectiveness in a new collaborative approach to address these barriers and has
proven to be an eff ective method for addressing each individual’s unique set of challenges. Th is new model off ers higher
percentages of long term success, which directly impacts savings to the behavioral health, healthcare and the judicial systems,
and is comparative to current treatment costs to the consumer. It also assigns to each client a personal highly specialized multidisciplinary
team made up of a Psychiatrist (MD), a registered nurse (RN), a licensed clinician (LCSW, LMFT), and a certifi ed
recovery advisor (CRA) who utilizes life experience. All team members work collaboratively to assess and develop a unique
person centered treatment plan that addresses the multi-dimensional needs of the client within their natural environment
Tracy L Hellem
University of Utah’s College of Nursing, USA
Title: What does the hamilton depression rating scale measure in methamphetamine users
Biography:
Tracy L Hellem completed the PhD program at the University of Utah’s College of Nursing in 2015. She has worked with methamphetamine users with comorbid
depression for 5 years. She has authored 14 manuscripts of systematic reviews, clinical trials and magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. Dr. Hellem is an
Assistant Professor at Montana State University’s College of Nursing where she conducts a clinical trial of comorbid depression and anxiety among individuals
who use methamphetamine.
Abstract:
The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) is widely used in studies to measure change in the severity of depression.
Th ere are reports of established reliability and validity of the HAMD in both inpatient and outpatient psychiatric patients.
However, there are no published psychometric studies of the HAMD in a methamphetamine using population. Given that
the symptoms of depression and intoxication or withdrawal from methamphetamine overlap, it is possible that the HAMD
does not measure severity of depression in individuals who use methamphetamine. Th us, we are conducting a psychometric
evaluation of the HAMD in methamphetamine users with and without depression. Th is evaluation is currently underway, and
we anticipate having results in 6-8 weeks.
Hadis yousef
Mohaghegh Ardebili University, Iran
Title: The effect of self-control training on alexithymia and tempting ideas in drug-dependent patients
Biography:
Hadis Yousefi has completed her master degree at the age of 26 years from Mohaghegh Ardebili University in Iran. She is working and do research in the fi eld of
addiction for more than years. She already works in "Salamat" addiction remedy center in Iran.
Abstract:
The aim of the present paper is to study the eff ectiveness of self-control training on alexithymia and tempting ideas in drugdependent
patients. Method: this research is performed using pretesting and post testing plan with control group. Th e
statistical society in this research constitutes all addicted male individuals who voluntarily visited a detoxifi cation centers in
Tehran in 2013. Th e research sample includes 50 addicted men who were chosen by clinical randomly assigned into the two
“test” and “control” groups. Th e test group received self-control training for 10 sessions of 45 minutes. To collect the data, we
used the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (short version), Toronto Alexithymia Scale, scale tempting ideas, and morphine
test. Results: the results of the monotype variance analysis (MANOVA) showed that self-control training has been eff ective
on emotional well-being of individuals who are dependent on drugs. Discussion: emotional problems are among the most
signifi cant factors involved in drug-addiction; drug abusers have considerable problems in regulating and managing their
emotions. Self-control skills and the ability to manage one’s emotions can help people, in situations with high risk of substance
abuse, to acquire coping strategies, to better withstand the unwanted pressure from their friends, and to control their own
emotions more eff ectively, all resulting in demonstrating a higher resistance to drug consumption.
Biography:
Peuschel has studied medicine and molecular biology at the University of Zurich, as well as psychiatry and psychotherapy at the University of Lausanne. She has
completed her MD from the University of Zurich, has worked in research in molecular biology at the University of Zurich and has obtained federal diplomas in general
medicine as well as in psychiatry and psychotherapy. She is currently head of department at the Meissenberg Clinic in Zug, Switzerland. She has published 7 papers
indexed in PubMed, she has been presenting her work at various conferences, and has been invited to conferences in Europe, the US, China, Japan, Thailand, India
and the United Arab Emirates.
Abstract:
Psychotherapy of unresolved emotional confl icts may be used to effi ciently treat dissociative disorder. Th is is based on the
assumption that dissociation is caused by severe confl icts with perpetrators and that resolution of confl icts may alleviate
symptoms. Confl icts with perpetrators as well as with passive participants are treated equally, starting with the more severe
confl icts with perpetrators, since they appear to be related to the most severe symptoms. Dissociative disorder may be present
in addiction and may be suspected in patients consuming heavier drugs, especially heroine or methadone. Dissociative
disorder in addiction may be more psycho form and therefore much less obvious to diagnose than somatoform dissociation,
but can be diagnosed with tests of dissociation like the DES, the S.D.Q.-20, and the SCID-D. Patients with addiction have been
treated with psychotherapy of unresolved emotional confl icts controlling the success of psychotherapy via the disappearance of
dissociative personalities in a safe place scenario, as well as through monitoring of reduced psychiatric symptoms and auditive
hallucinations, sometimes manifesting up to several weeks aft er a psychotherapy session. Additive hallucinations were related
to specifi c dissociative or so-called emotional personalities. Negative emotions linked to specifi c dissociative personalities may
be creating a constant urge to the continued use of drugs in addiction.
Biography:
He completed bachelor degree in nurse on 2008, Japan. He had experience in Mental Health Hospital from 2008 - 2011. He got Scholarship as volunteer for health
promotion in South Africa from 2011 - 2013. He worked for Japan government as a public health nurse from 2013 – 2015. Right now I am a master student of
Addiction Studies Program, ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University. His research fi eld is the area of prevention and treatment in Addiction. I
am interesting in research about drug and alcohol addiction.
Abstract:
There have been huge concerns that a growing number of children are aff ected by parental substance misuse, and policy
and practice increasingly recognize the need to tackle the problems that causes children of substance misusers are at risk
from emotional and physical neglect, and of developing serious emotional and social problems themselves later in life. In
the previous researches, adversity and stress can come in the shape of family or relationship problems, health problems, or
workplace and fi nancial worries, among others and a review of the literature on resilience provides guidelines for minimizing
risks and promoting positive outcomes for children and youths. Th erefore, research and practice have been focusing more
and more on ‘resilience’, those aspects of the child’s life, relationships and choices that protect them against risk. Th us, the aim
of this research is to examine the characteristics of child resilience related to family substance misuse to contribute toward
buff ering the risk of children living in the adversity family.
Th e results recommend the relationship among family members will help to build and strengthen the capacity of resilience
among the children of addicted parents. In addition benefi cial of understanding and useful theoretical context of child resilience
will help to clarify the resilience strategy and construct the ideal and appropriate support system for the health and wellbeing
of children, their family and community as well even for the practitioners who are striving to seek for the benefi t of them in
various organizations.
Zelalem Ayele
Gonder University, Ethiopia
Title: The effect of acute exposure to crude khat extract on schizophrenia in mice using multiple t- maze test
Biography:
Zelalem Mekonnen Ayele has completed his MPH (Master of public health) from Gonder University. He is now working in MSF_H as Healthcare researcher and
epidemiologist. He has published three research papers.
Abstract:
Schizophrenia is a psychological disorder which is characterized by the inability to separate reality from non reality. Symptoms
may include delusions, hallucinations or disorganized thinking. Cognitive dysfunction is considered a core defi cit of
schizophrenia. Khat (Catha edulis F.) is an evergreen tree that belongs to celestraceae family. It is claimed to have schizophrenic
like eff ect. Th e aim of this study was to investigate the potential schizophrenic inducing eff ect of acute administration of crude
khat extract in mice. Crude khat extract obtained using a mixture of chloroform and diethyl ether (1:3) was administered orally
in doses of 100, 200, 300 mg/kg, the negative and positive control groups were administered with Tween 80 2% v/v in water and
ketamine 10 mg/kg respectively. Multiple T-maze test was used to evaluate the cognitive function and the latency to reach the
goal box was determined. Th e results collectively indicate acute administration of khat extract at the doses used did not have a
signifi cant cognitive eff ect in MTM test.
Akalewerk Delelegn Wegayehu
Universal University College, Ethiopia
Title: Factors associated with alcohol use among youths in Addis Ababa
Biography:
Akalewerk Delelegn Wegayehu has completed his BSc. in Clinical Nursing at age of 25 at Universal University College. He is now assistance instructor and
academic program Offi cer in Universal University College. He has published three papers in local and international journals.
Abstract:
Background: Alcohol consumption at a young age increases the risk of developing alcohol related problems later in life, poor
academic performance and increased risk of contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases or other psychiatric
disorders such as lethargy, hopelessness and insomnia.
Methods: Health institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa Ethiopia from January 15 – March 20,
2012. A sample size of 410 was calculated by Epi-info stat calc and stratifi ed sampling technique was used. Multivariate logistic
regression and Cox regression was used to assess the degree of association between dependent and independent variables.
Results: A total of 148 (36.5%) youths were found to be alcohol users and 104 (25.7%) of them were HIV positive. Alcohol
use was positively associated with being male [OR & (95%CI) = 1.989(1.061, 3.728) ], khat use [OR & (95%CI) = 5.551(3.016,
10.216) ], not having comprehensive knowledge on HIV [OR & (95%CI) = 1.899 (1.024, 3.520)], HIV positive status [OR &
(95%CI) = 5.645(2.854, 11.165) ], being merchant [OR & (95%CI) =10.254(2.366, 24.446) ] and student [OR & (95%CI) =
4.045(1.473, 11.108) ]. Initiation of alcohol use before 18 years was also positively associated with not having comprehensive
knowledge on HIV [Adj. HR & (95%CI) = 1.914(1.091, 2.550)], khat use [Adj. HR & (95%CI) = 3.050 (2.007, 4.636)], watching
sexual fi lms [Adj. HR & (95%CI) = 1.892 (1.032, 3.296) ] living apart from parents [Adj. HR & (95%CI) = 2.315 (1.176, 4.558)]
having -monthly income of <= $ 25 [Adj. HR & (95%CI) = 3.187 (1.854, 5.480)] and $ 25.1 - $ 55.5[Adj. HR & (95%CI) =
1.951(1.010, 3.771) ]
Angela D-B Reed
Turning point, INC., USA
Title: TPI goes beyond providing culturally competent to culturally specific
Biography:
Her experience includes working with local and national organizations and institutions as a capacity building assistance provider on Behalf of the Center of
Disease Control (CDC). In this role she assisted individuals, communities, initiatives, and organizations in the development of strategies that foster change, assist in
reaching organizational goals, and address risk determinants.
She has traveled throughout the country teaching interventions that foster behavior change. She provides expertise on logic modeling and program creation.
She work as coordinator with the National Black Alcoholism and Addictions Council with the creation and implementation of national programs with the goal of
establishing support, education, and trainings in order to create change in communities throughout the nation.
She also work with the local culturally specifi c drug rehabilitation clinic Turning Point Inc. as the director of there culturally specifi c support services division in
Minneapolis, MN establishing and maintaining the programing needed to assist individuals in meeting their risk factors and help them establish holistic lifelong goals
for participants, their families and the community.
Abstract:
Presentation of the research fi ndings of a 2015 report linking culturally specifi c programing and practices to research and
theory, created by University of Minnesota’s Program in Health Disparities Research researchers and made possible through
funding by the offi ce for Business and Community Economic Development, Community Health Initiative (CHI).
Th is report is a product of the research partnership between Turning Point, Inc., the University of Minnesota Program
in Health Disparities Research, and the Offi ce for Business and Community Economic Development. Funding was provided
by Medical and the Community Health Initiative. Th e report serves to link existing culturally specifi c practices to published
literature, widely studied theories and models, and specifi c cultural values.
Founded in 1976, Turning Point is a multi-service non-profi t organization whose programs have earned local and national
recognition for being among the fi rst to advance a culturally-specifi c treatment model. Turning Point’s recovery-oriented
system of care provides culturally specifi c and individually tailored approach to service delivery.
Today’s social environment, and the challenges African Americans face, warrant use and revitalization of cultural strengths.
Problems such as drug and alcohol addiction, HIV/AIDS, health disparities, high rates of incarceration, unemployment, and
poverty are severe and complex. In order to provide eff ective services, providers must understand the importance and delivery
of culturally specifi c services and care.
Nasim Vousooghi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Title: Adulthood paternal and/or maternal exposure to morphine affects memory and drug reinforcing effects in male rat offspring
Biography:
Nasim Vousooghi became Pharm. D. At the age of 26 and completed her PhD of pharmacology at the age of 33 years from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences. She is working as assistant professor and director of research deputy in the department of neuroscience and addiction studies in Tehran University of
Medical Sciences from 2010 till now. She is also the head of genetics laboratory of the Iranian National Center for addiction studies (INCAS). She has published
more than 20 papers in prestigious journals.
Abstract:
Drug addiction is a multifactorial disorder and is aff ected by genetics, environment, and developmental issues. It has
been shown that epigenetics is critically involved in the addiction process and memory formation in the brain. We have
evaluated passive avoidance memory and morphine conditioned place preference (CPP) in the male off spring of male and/or
female rats with a history of morphine exposure in the adulthood. Adult male and female animals consumed oral morphine
for 3 weeks and then were kept drug free for 10 days. Aft er that, animals were let to mate with either a control or an abstinent
rat. Memory of male off spring was assessed by step through test, and morphine reinforcement was tested with CCP method.
Off spring of morphine exposed parents showed considerable memory defi cit in comparison to the control group which was
more noticeable in the progeny of abstinent mothers. Data of CPP indicated that injection of 7.5 mg/kg morphine that could
meaningfully induce CPP in control rats was not effi cient to cause CPP in the off spring of abstinent rats. While these animals
were conditioned with a greater dose of morphine (10 mg/kg), but, tolerance to the reinforcing eff ects of morphine was more
in the progeny of abstinent mothers compared to the off spring of abstinent fathers. It is concluded that parental morphine
exposure in adulthood even before mating has damaging eff ects on memory of the male progeny and may result in tolerance
to the morphine reinforcing eff ects. Th ese eff ects are more prominent when the morphine exposed parent is the female animal.
Alaaeldin A Elkoussi
University of Assiut, Egypt
Title: Solvent inhalants remarkably alter brain neurotransmitter
Biography:
Elkoussi is a professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology in Assiut College of Medicine. He obtained his PhD in 1972 and in 1982 and 1984 was granted postdoctoral
fellowships in the University of Florida College of Pharmacy. From 1990 to 1994 he worked as a Senior Research Scientist in the Center for Drug Design and
Delivery and Center for Drug Discovery, University of Florida and also worked as pharmacologist and as a regulatory affairs manager in pharmaceutical research
companies in USA and Egypt. In 2002 Prof. Elkoussi obtained a Hubert Humphrey Fellowship at Johns Hopkins University.
He published over 50 manuscripts in international journals and presented several lectures and research work in many international conferences and supervised
several Masters and PhD theses in experimental and clinical pharmacology and toxicology.
Prof. Elkoussi main areas of interest includes: drug abuse, drug design &delivery, drug interactions, biological evaluation of drug activity, pharmacokinetics,
pharmacotherapy, pharmacovigilance as well as phytotherapy.
For the last 2 decades; Prof. Elkoussi has conducted and supervised several research studies and projects on the topic of solvent inhalant abuse; causes, patterns
and signifi cance in different countries.
Abstract:
Solvent inhalant abuse is widely spread allover the world; especially among adolescents. Solvent inhalants were found to be
highly toxic and extremely deleterious to the addicts' health and societies. Numerous studies were undertaken to investigate
the neurophysiologic and biochemical mechanisms through which these substances produce their toxicity. Th is study was
devoted to investigate the eff ect of Toluene on brain neurotransmitters aft er its single and repeated inhalation in rats.
Levels of Glutamate, GABA, dopamine and 5 HT were measured in rat's brain homogenate aft er single and repeated daily
inhalation of Toluene in 2 concentrations.
Results revealed that Toluene signifi cantly (P<0.01) increase the level of glutamate of in rat's brain in a concentrationdependent
manner. Besides, single and repeated daily inhalation of the two concentrations of Toluene signifi cantly decreased
GABA level in rat's brain. Single inhalation of Toluene also increased 5-HT level in rat brain, but this increase was insignifi cant
compared to the control group. However, repeated daily inhalation of the two concentrations of Toluene in both concentrations
signifi cantly increased 5-HT level in rat brain. Both single and repeated daily inhalation of the two concentrations of Toluene
also signifi cantly increased dopamine level in rat’s brain.
Th erefore, single and daily repeated Toluene inhalation signifi cantly alter levels of brain neurotransmitters. Toluene
increases levels of glutamate; the "excitatory" neurotransmitter; and decreases levels of GABA; the "inhibitory" neurotransmitter.
Toluene single and repeated daily inhalation increases 5-HT and dopamine levels in rat’s brain. Th ese results could explain the
various behavioral changes induced by inhalation of this toxic solvent inhalant.
Thersilla Oberbarnscheidt
Central Michigan University, USA
Title: Mechanisms of pain and opioid pharmacology
Biography:
Thersilla Oberbarnscheidt is a resident psychiatrist at Central Michigan University, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, MI, USA. Thersilla got her
medical degree from the Christian-Albrechts-University in Kiel, Germany and did her 4th Year medical training at Yale University, School of Medicine in New Haven,
CT, USA. She received her PhD in Neuroscience from the Christian Albrechts- University in Kiel, Germany. Her thesis was on Phenazone in the treatment of the
acute migraine attack. Cephalalgia. Effi cacy of phenazone in the treatment of acute migraine attacks: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study.
Abstract:
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is a very common consequence of pain management with opioids. Characteristics of
OIH are worsening pain over time despite an increased dose of the opioid. It is oft en recognized neither by the physician
nor the patient, and it results in increasing doses of opioid medications and continued unsatisfying pain levels experienced
by the patient. Th e increased use of narcotics has a negative impact on patient outcome, as patients suff er from increased pain
levels and oft en develop depression. Patients with OIH require frequent assessment for aberrant behaviors as an indicator of
addictive use. Opioid-seeking behavior may complicate the clinical picture of failed opioid therapy. Th e treatment of OIH is
to discontinue the opioid medication and to treat the patient’s withdrawal symptoms, if necessary, in an inpatient setting with
medical monitoring.
Steven Crain
Pondera Pharmaceuticals, USA
Title: Novel methods that restore balance in the endogenous opioid system reduce drug dependence and tolerance
Biography:
Steven Crain completed his Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from Duke University in 1980. Since then he has treated thousands of patients with addictions, anxiety,
and depression as Clinical Director of Penn State University’s Center for Counseling and Psychological Services and at Therapeutic Alliance, a community-based
mental health center he established in 1982. In 2009, Dr. Crain co-founded Pondera Pharmaceuticals, Inc. a company dedicated to the development and marketing
of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals for the treatment of addictions, anxiety, and depression. Dr. Crain has co-authored several articles, which summarize their
research and innovative treatments, and has been awarded several patents.
Matthew Crain is completing his honors thesis in Biology at Duke University on the “Impact of early life stress on neural network dysregulation and depression.”
He has been a research assistant at Pondera Pharmaceuticals, Inc. since 2009 where he has collaborated on research on innovative methods to treat anxiety,
depression, and addictions. He is co-author of a 2013 JBBS paper on “Emotional and physical distress relief using a novel endorphinergic formulation.”
Stanley M. Crain completed his Ph.D. in Biophysics from Columbia University in 1954. Dr. Crain is a world-renowned expert in opioid addiction with over 100
publications cited in PubMed and numerous honors and awards. Dr. Crain’s 30+ years of preclinical electrophysiological nerve tissue culture studies led to his
discovery of the imbalances in the endogenous opioid system created by exposure to opioid drugs, which are responsible for the development of tolerance and
dependence. Dr. Crain’s research also led to the discovery of simple methods to restore balance to the endogenous opioid system, thereby reducing tolerance
and dependence. Dr. Crain has been awarded numerous patents. Pain Therapeutics, Inc. and Pondera Pharmaceuticals, Inc. were both founded to translate Dr.
Crain’s groundbreaking discoveries into safe and effective treatments for addictions and anxiety.
Abstract:
Through more than three decades of preclinical and clinical research, our team has discovered that imbalances in the
endogenous opioid system created by exposure to opioid and other drugs are responsible, at least in part, for the development
of drug tolerance, dependence, and addiction. Specifi cally, even short-term use of these drugs can produce excessive excitatory
opioid receptor signaling as well as diminished endorphin production, as initially revealed in our electrophysiological nerve
tissue culture studies. Moreover, our research has led to the discovery of simple methods to restore balance to the endogenous
opioid system, thereby reducing drug tolerance and dependence. We have extensive evidence that the addition of ultralow-
dose naltrexone (ULDN) dramatically reduces tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and other noxious side eff ects of opioid
drugs, including an FDA Phase III trial of 700+ lower-back pain patients. More recent research has found that specifi c
nutraceuticals, such as n-acetyl cysteine, can reduce excessive excitatory opioid receptor signaling, which when combined with
endorphin enhancers, such as caff eine, eff ectively reduce cravings for drugs and alcohol as well as food. In addition, these
novel endorphinergic nutraceutical formulations provide remarkable relief from emotional and physical distress, including
anxiety, obsessions, and compulsions. We also have had extensive experience with the challenges of the drug approval process
in the U.S. including working with the FDA, NIDA, and pharmaceutical companies, as well as the potential advantages of
translating pharmaceutical discoveries to nutraceutical formulations, which do not require FDA approval.
Young S Lee
Manchester University, USA
Title: A mathematical modeling approach to the dynamics of gambling
Biography:
Young Lee completed multiple advanced degrees including her Doctorate of Philosophy in mathematics at University of Wisconsin – Madison. Her research interests
are mathematical biology, scientifi c computation and computer system performance. She has published papers on infectious diseases and socioeconomic dynamics
such as Ebola, H. pylori, juvenile crimes, and gambling using epidemiological models and stability analysis, also on numerical analysis of fi nite difference schemes,
perturbations and fi xed point theory in differential equations. Her models are often discussed both analytically and numerically. She has also worked on queuing
network modeling and simulation and global memory systems in a network of workstations. She has taught mathematics and computer science at Manchester
University since 1998.
Abstract:
We take a mathematical modeling approach to the gambling epidemiology. Two deterministic models with ordinary
diff erential equations are created to study the dynamics of gambling: one is for older adults aged 65-80 with four
compartments; the other population is youth ages 16-24 composed of three classes. Th e models seek to examine dynamics of
the system through stability analysis and a basic reproductive number. A sociological term for a basic reproductive number is
a tipping point because it provides a point at which a stable system turns to an unstable one or vise versa, which is a threshold
condition. All parameters are approximated, and numerical simulations are also explored. Analyses indicate that problem
gambling is present in an endemic state among both older adults and young adults. One of the main goals for the young
adult model is to see how prevalence rates of at-risk gambling and problem gambling change as adolescents enter into young
adulthood. Th e parameters to which the system is most sensitive are identifi ed and are translated to primary prevention for
both models. Prevention and control strategies are discussed: school education on gambling addiction should be off ered for
young adults; a self-exclusion program for older adults, which is used to intervene problem gamblers or pathological gamblers
by allowing them to voluntarily exclude from gambling establishments, should be extended to those who are identifi ed as
potential excessive gamblers. Although research has been active on gambling, this is the fi rst mathematical modeling approach
to study the dynamics of gambling.
- Addiction Psychiatry and Mental Health
Session Introduction
Halley Pontes
Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom
Title: Technological addictions in light of the DSM-5: A psychometric approach
Biography:
Halley M. Pontes is a Portuguese clinical psychologist and doctoral researcher at Nottingham Trent University (United Kingdom). Halley M. Pontes is a graduate member of the British Psychological Society and the Portuguese Society of Clinical Psychology and has published over 30 referred studies such as books, conference papers, original articles, etc., mostly on Internet Addiction and Internet Gaming Disorder in several international specialized journals.
Abstract:
The American Psychiatric Association has published in the latest (fifth) edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) nine potentially useful clinical criteria defining Internet Gaming Disorder. In this context, Internet Gaming Disorder was included in the Section 3 of the DSM-5 as a tentative disorder warranting more research prior definite inclusion in subsequent editions of the DSM. Since then, a few psychometric tools attempting to assess the concepts of gaming addiction and generalized Internet addiction have emerged. In light of this, the aim of the present study is twofold. Firstly, to provide a quick overview on the state of the art regarding the operationalization of the Internet Gaming Disorder criteria to assess both gaming addiction and generalized Internet addiction by conducting a brief literature review on this topic. Secondly, to present the Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGD-20 Test), Internet Gaming Disorder Scale – Short-Form (IGDS9-SF), and the Internet Disorder Scale (IDS-15) which are three newly developed psychometric tools to assess the constructs of gaming addiction and generalized Internet addiction. It is envisaged by the present authors that the results and discussions generated by the presentation of this study will add to the ongoing debates in the field and also provide critical information on the state of the art of two commonly researched behavioral addictions.
Biography:
Doug Paul, LPC has been working on the field of substance use disorders since 2007. He completed his undergraduate work at University of Central Florida. He completed a Master of Science in Rehabilitation Counseling from Georgia State University in 2007. As a Case Manager for Talbott Recovery from 2007-2014, he took a leadership role with development of the Young Adult program. Taking a position in 2014 with Foundations Recovery Network in Roswell, GA, he continues to assist those suffering with addictive disorders with reaching sustained and meaningful recovery through therapy and education. Doug continues to practice his own recovery program over the last 15 years.
Abstract:
With the addition of “cravings†to the DSM V criteria for substance use disorders, it became that much more important to learn new skills to assist our clients in this area. Just as addiction effects every area of life, so too must the approach for cravings management. The goals for this workshop will be to review the literature on cravings management techniques, discuss cravings management medications and elicit a discussion of multi-faceted approaches that have worked for those on the front lines of addiction treatment.
Chimezie Orjiude
College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Nigeria
Title: Knowledge, Pattern and Factors Associated with Substance Abuse Among Out of School Youths
Biography:
Orjiude Chimezie Vivian is a 5th year college student who is working towards becoming a medical doctor and who will be graduating with her MBBS degree in March of 2017 from the University of Lagos in Nigeria. From there she hopes to pursue a masters degree in public health and further her research into substance abuse among youths. As for now, she is taking strives in making her imagination become her reality and making it a point to achieve her goals.
Abstract:
Substance abuse is a contemporary global problem that cuts across different ages and populations. Young people constitute a high risk and vulnerable group. This study focused on determining the level of knowledge, prevalence, pattern and factors associated with substance abuse among out of school youths in motor parks in Lagos State. The substances considered in the study were alcohol, tobacco and cannabis. The study employed a multistage, descriptive cross-sectional method to select 350 out-of-school youths age 10-25 years from seven (7) randomly selected motor parks in Lagos State (Ojota, Yaba, Ikeja, Mushin, Ojuelegba, Obalende and Oshodi). A pretested questionnaire which was intervieweradministered was used to collect data. SPSS version 23 was used in data analysis. Out of the total sample population, males were 90% and females 10%. The mean age of the respondents was 20.76 ± 3.4years. Majority of the respondents had attended a formal school. Meanwhile, the mean age of drop out was 14.89 years. About one-third of the respondents (33.4%) had poor knowledge regarding substance-related health risks. A total of 216 (61.7%) respondents were ever substance users while 53.1% are current users. Age of initiation into substance use was as early as 3years. Peer pressure, stress relieve and fun were the major instigators of substance abuse. Factors associated with substance abuse were: age, gender, religion, ever attended school and knowledge of substance-related health risks. In conclusion, this study revealed that quite a number of the respondents had poor knowledge regarding substance-related health risks. Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis in that order were the most abused substances. Furthermore, age, gender, religion, ever attended school and knowledge of health related effects of substance abuse were significantly associated with substance abuse among out of school youths. It is recommended that policies to curb the high prevalence substance abuse need to be initiated and implemented. Additionally, preventive educational campaigns are necessary to stem substance abuse among out of school youths in motor parks.
- Addiction Induced Brain Disorders
Session Introduction
Stephen R. Sroka
Western Reserve University, USA
Title: Relationships-The Power of One to Make a Difference
Biography:
Dr. Sroka’s spirited presentations stressing the Power of One have resulted in guest appearances on many TV programs, including the Oprah Winfrey Show, as well as coverage in many newspapers including USA Today. He received the Outstanding School Health Educator Award from the American School Health Association, was selected the Disney Outstanding Health Teacher of the Year, and was inducted into the National Teachers Hall of Fame.
Abstract:
The U. S. Attorney General has called the rise in overdose deaths from heroin and prescription painkillers an “urgent public health crisis.†According to the CDC, one in five high school students has taken prescription drugs without a doctor’s prescription. And heroin abusers often report that their foray into heroin began with prescription drug abuse. Despite what people think, heroin is an equal opportunity destroyer. Addiction to heroin and other opiates (such as oxycodone, Oxycotin, Percocet and Vicodin) impacts Americans in urban cities, the suburbs and rural areas in every state. Heroin overdose deaths quadrupled from 2002 to 2013 in the US. Many people hold a misconception that drug dependence is a voluntary behavior and moral failure. However, addiction is actually a complex medical issue, not a moral issue. In fact, addiction is a brain disease that can be diagnosed and treated, and treatment makes a difference.
An-Li Wang
University of Pennsylvania, USA
Title: Sustained opioid antagonism increases striatal sensitivity to baby schema in opioid dependent women
Biography:
Following the completion of her doctoral degree in Neuroscience at the University of Oxford, Dr. An-Li Wang joined the University of Pennsylvania. Utilizing state-of-the-art neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG), An-Li has been studied the brain and behavioral effects of opioid treatment on opioid dependent patients, especially to understand how treatment affects patients’ social cognition. Also, An-Li has employed neuroimaging techniques in public health communication research, to investigate whether neural activities in response to persuasive messages could predict long-term behavioral changes, including smoking reduction and condom use. Recently, An-Li was appointed as a Research Assistant Professor at the School of Medicine at Penn and received a K99/R00 award from National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
Abstract:
Opioid dependence is associated with reduced sensitivity to natural rewards and pro-social deficits, including caregiving. Caring for the young is a fundamental social phenomenon that may be released by typical external appearance characteristic of juvenile animals and humans that are perceived as “cuteâ€. These physical features were defined by Konrad Lorenz as “Baby schemaâ€, which was postulated that it is a “key stimulus†that “releases†a caregiving instinct. Recently, our group found that “Baby schema†activates the ventral striatum, a key component of the brain reward pathway. Naltrexone is a competitive opioid antagonist, that effectively treats opioid addiction by competitive blockade of opioid receptors, primarily of the mu type. Using injectable extended-release preparation (XRNTX), we hypothesized that naltrexone may modulate the baby schema response in opioid addicts. Forty-seven opioid dependent patients and 25 controls underwent two functional magnetic resonance imaging sessions, approximately ten days apart, while viewing infant portraits with high and low baby schema content and rating them for cuteness. Immediately after the first session, patients received an injection of extended-release naltrexone, while controls received no treatment. Whole brain analysis of variance showed gender by group by session interaction in the ventral striatum. Brain responses increased in female patients and decreased in male patients across sessions, while the pattern was reversed in the controls. Our findings show that naltrexone modulation of the brain response to key social stimulus depends on opioid homeostasis and gender and suggest that baby schema response may be used to evaluate the effects of prescribed or abused opioids on social cognition.