addictiontherapy-dummy-2019

Substance abuse causes an alteration in the genetic structure and functions of the nervous system which leads to various neurological and behavioural changes in the form of substance abuse disorder. For the treatment of substance-related disorders it is necessary to understand the neurology of substance use.

There are too many neurological conditions that are associated with substance use disorders

Drug addiction is a condition that results when a person ingests a substance that can be pleasurable but the continued use or act of which becomes compulsive and interferes with ordinary life responsibilities, such as work, health, and relationships. Most common type of addiction is drug addiction along with cocaine and gambling addiction. Tobacco and smoking addiction is mainly present in Asian & European countries.

Marijuana and opioid addiction are the most common type of drug addiction. According to Addiction biology of marijuana can overstimulation the endocannabinoid system which causes changes in the brain. In order to minimize its effects control measures are taken. Opioid dependence characterized by a compulsive use of opioids. Opioid treatment measures include various maintenance therapies like pharmacologic therapy, methadone maintenance therapy.

Substance abuse causes an alteration in the genetic structure and functions of the nervous system which leads to various neurological and behavioral changes in the form of substance abuse disorder. For the treatment of substance-related disorders it is necessary to understand the neurology of substance use.

Drug addiction is a brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking, despite its harmful consequences. It causes changes in the normal activity of the nervous system damaging the nerve tissues, killing neurons and this leads to dysregulation of the neural system. Thus uncontrolled drug use results in toxicity of brain. Some of the behavioral effects of drug addiction include Paranoia, Aggressiveness, Impulsiveness, and Loss of Self-Control. Prescription drugs that are often abused are opioids, sleep medicines.

The toxic effects of drugs can mimic mental illness in ways that can be difficult to distinguish from mental illness. Drug-induced brain disorder is distinct from independent co-occurring mental disorders in that all or most of the psychiatric symptoms are the direct result of substance use. It can’t state that substance-induced disorders preclude co-occurring mental disorders, only that the specific symptom cluster at a specific point in time is more likely the result of substance abuse, abuse, intoxication, or withdrawal than of underlying mental illness. Some common substance related brain disorders are Anxiety, Depression and Insomnia, Schizophrenia, dementia, sleep disorder and Psychosis.

Injection drug use (IDU) can be an immediate course of HIV transmission if individuals share syringes, needles or other infusion materials that are debased with HIV. In any case, drinking liquor and ingesting, smoking, or breathing in medications are additionally connected with expanded hazard for HIV. These substances change judgment, which can prompt to unsafe sexual practices (e.g., having intercourse without a condom, having numerous accomplices) that can make individuals more prone to get and transmit HIV.

Addiction treatment and Rehabilitation involves various treatments and therapies. Substance abuse treatment comprises of a Motivational therapy in which we encourage a patient to develop the  negative view of their abuse, along with the desire to change their behavior. It is one of the important therapies included in Rehabilitation house treatment approaches. Social behavior in the addiction can be treated by behavioral treatment approaches and the drug-induced addiction treatment

Dual diagnosis is a condition when a person suffers from both a substance abuse problem and another mental health issue such as  a depression (or) an anxiety disorder. Sometimes use alcohol (or) drugs are due to a mental problems. Individuals who are dealing with Autism spectrum disorder are in high risk of substance abuse. They may feel that substance abuse helps them to cover their social ineptness but over time it begins to cause serious problems in their life. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is also relate to addiction.  Self-medication theory is widely used for the treatment of co-occuring disorder

Addiction  has  severe medical consequences like cancer, HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, Respiratory Disease, chronic pain, and suicide. Excess of alcohol consumption causes alocholic hepatitis, fatty liver and chronic hepatitis with hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis. Unsafe use of injected drugs results in the HIV/AIDS. Drug and alcohol addiction lead to a variety of respiratory problems like bronchitis, emphysema and lung cancer, drug Induced Pulmonary Toxicity and alcoholic lung disease.

Addiction psychiatry focuses on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of people who are suffering from one or more disorders and mental health issues related to addiction. Counseling and addiction treatment are essential for such individuals. Due to latest advancement in technologies like Mobile health, nowadays it has become so easy for the people to get connected to health services and being updated with all the information. Rural and underserved communities often suffer from limited access to specialty treatment programs this can be overcome by Tele-mental health. Online Recovery programs provide the opportunity for alcohol and drug addiction treatment by trained experts via the Internet, in a way that is convenient and private.

New advances in psychology and neuroscience have shed light on the changes that long-term use of alcohol and other drugs brings into the brain especially in brain reward system, to foster continued and chronic patterns of compulsive drug abuse. New research topics in addiction include Behavioral pharmacology Research, Relationship between youth violence and substance abuse, the effect of alcohol on cognitive functioning and cocaine vaccines and addiction epidemiological research. Behavioral Pharmacology Research implies broad-based substance abuse clinical research program encompassing both human laboratory research and outpatient treatment research. Cocaine abuse is an ongoing and serious problem, therefore, vaccines against cocaine are being developed.

Yoga retreat approaches- have been designed to provide natural remedies, which inhibits the prolonged use of any substance. People who are mentally ill are prescribed to go with yoga as it restores brains dopamine functions and keeps stress out. Meditation brings the mid the state of rest, in which a human thinks of the present. Dance and music therapies are given to people to bring a ray of hope inside them that they still can perform better than others. Retreat facilities provide special period of time for prayer, silence, rest, simplicity and contemplation. It is a way out from life’s daily stresses as well as an opportunity to deepen one’s experience of self and the universal energy that surrounds and supports us. Relapse offers a systematic method of teaching the abuser to recognize and manage relapse warning signs.

Various advancements in addiction treatment techniques will help in the providing quality care for people with the  unhealthy alcohol, tobacco, or other drug use. Among them, Cognitive behavioral therapy is a form of psychotherapy designed to treat the behavioral effects of substance abuse. The Behavioral Pharmacology Research is a substance abuse clinical research program encompassing both the human laboratory research and outpatient treatment research. Neurorehabilitation and therapy offer complex medical process which aims to aid recovery from a nervous system injury due to addiction. 12step recovery therapy involves an active engagement strategy designed to increase the likelihood of a substance abuser becoming affiliated with and actively involved in 12-step self-help groups, thereby promoting abstinence. It has long been an important part of the recovery process and the basis for many recovery programs.

Animal models has contributed immensely to our understanding of addiction mainly drug abuse, it's consequences and prevention and treatment. Animal studies have yielded fundamental insights into why people abuse drugs and how drugs cause the compulsion and disordered thinking seen in addiction. It is a valuable research tools because they allow scientists to conduct experiments that they could never perform on humans. It has various effects on human race, results from animal studies should be extrapolated to humans with caution, their value is  incalculable. Case reports are also incorporated in addiction research..