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Theme: Expanding Novel Methodologies & Innovations in treating Addiction Disorders for a better Healthcare

Addiction Therapy 2018

Tentative Program

Addiction Therapy 2018

Addiction Therapy-2018 welcomes attendees, presenters, and exhibitors from all over the world to San Diego, USA. We are delighted to invite you all to attend and register for the “7th International Conference on Addiction Medicine, Addictive Disorders and Pharmaceuticals (Addiction Therapy-2018)” which is going to be held during September 19-20, 2018 in San Diego, USA.

Theme: Expanding access to Novel Methodologies & Innovations in recovery Therapy in addiction and Behavioral Health-Care.

The organizing committee is gearing up for an exciting and informative conference program including plenary lectures, symposia, workshops on a variety of topics, poster presentations and various programs for participants from all over the world. We invite you to join us at the Addiction Therapy-2018, where you will be sure to have a meaningful experience with scholars from around the world. All members of the Addiction Therapy-2018 organizing committee look forward to meeting you in San Diego, USA.

The International premier conference on the latest science, research, best practices and innovations in addiction medicine.

Looking for the best in addiction medicine and science???

The Addiction Therapy 2018 Annual Conference is the International premier event showcasing the latest science, research, best practices and innovations in addiction medicine. The 2018 program offers more quality education, networking opportunities, and access to thought-leaders than ever. Join over 500 colleagues in San Diego for innovative, interactive, and incredible experiences!

The Addiction therapy 2018 Annual Conference begins on Wednesday, September 19, 2018, with an opening welcome reception. The conference concludes on Thursday, September 20, 2018.

Addiction Therapy 2018 Association is looking to build year on year on the conference content. Addiction is a broad based topic and it is difficult to cover all aspects thoroughly, however each year we attempt to create some structure for the conference program.

Addiction Therapy 2018 is looking to review the scientific and clinical aspects of Addiction. Underlying mechanisms, clinical consequences, treatment options, epidemiology, etc. are all important in this regard. New treatments are emerging which could result in huge changes in the way people live their lives - taking a drug to reduce alcohol intake levels different approach and we might want to audit this alternative. New therapies are rising for overdose, and a portion of the co-morbidities of addiction Dual Diagnosis is ending up better recognized. Furthermore, the conference will survey societal and strategy activities which are shaping the way countries deal with addiction problems, and audit the victories and disappointments at that level. The following list outlines the main topics that are usually covered by the invited Keynote Speakers

Details of Addiction Conferences 2018 in San Diego:

Conference Series LLC Ltd is organizing Addiction Conferences in 2018 at San Diego, USA. We organize Addiction Meetings in the fields related to Addiction Research, Mental Health, Psychiatry, Behavioral Healthcare, Depression, Anxiety, Trauma, Addiction Medicine, Marijuana, Opioid, Behavioral Addiction, Rehabilitation, Neuropsychiatry, Nursing, Recovery, Medication Assisted Treatment, Self-Harm, Dual diagnosis, Health Care Research, Pharmacology and Holistic

Conference Name	Place	Date
Addiction Conferences 2018	San Diego, California, USA	September 19-20, 2018

Learning Objectives

Upon completion of this educational activity, participants should be able to:

Identify and describe the new developments affecting the science, policy, and clinical practice of addiction medicine.
Compare introduced clinical rules/best practices with the participant's present practice and recognizes qualities or gaps.
Analyze new research and science to develop handy applications for treatment or further research.
Explain recent or upcoming approach changes and recognize implications or areas for provider involvement. Create a network of professionals or a set of resources that can be used to support the participant's practice.
Demonstrate knowledge of the diseased brain processes when treating patients with addictive behaviors.
Use validated patient screening tools to detect substance use and interpret a spectrum of results.
Use motivational interviewing to enhance patients readiness to change risky behaviors.
Offer the interventions that are appropriate to specific substances and severity of usage pattern.
Respond to hazardous drinking with brief counseling strategies, appropriate to the patient's readiness to change.
For patients suspected of having a SUD, conduct a bio psychosocial assessment to provide a diagnosis and match the patient to an appropriate level of care.
Offer patients and families’ information and referral to behavioral interventions including support groups and mutual aid groups that assist in the recovery process.

Target Audience:

Scholars, Students, Delegates
Researchers
Doctors
Scientists
Professors
Healthcare Industries
Psychiatrists
Psychologists
Recovery Managers and Care Advisors
Clinical Services Managers
Occupational Therapists
Counselors
Treatment Managers
Healthcare Workers
Neurologists
Neurology Lecturers
Nurses
Directors of Association and Societies

Conference Opportunities:

For Researchers and Faculty Members:

Speaker Presentations
Poster Display
Symposium hosting (4-5 member team)
Workshop organizing

For Universities, Associations & Societies:

Association Partnering
Collaboration proposals
Academic Partnering
Group Participation

For Students and Research Scholars:

Poster Competition (Winner will get Best Poster Award)
Young Researcher Forum (YRF Award to the best presenter)
Student Attendee
Group registrations

For Business Delegates:

Speaker Presentations
Symposium hosting
Book Launch event
Networking opportunities
Audience participation

For Product Manufacturers:

Exhibitor and Vendor booths
Sponsorships opportunities
Product launch Workshop organizing
Scientific Partnering
Marketing and Networking with clients

Addiction Therapy has the honor of announcing that, on Wednesday the 19^th September 2018, we will be presenting with an international panel of speakers at Addiction Therapy 2018 on Addictive Disorders. This will form part of Conference Series Ltd. The focus of this panel will be: Global Integration of Mental Health Treatment

Theme: Expanding access to Novel Methodologies & Innovation in recovery Therapy in addiction and Behavioral Health-Care

Addiction Therapy 2018 will cover a broad range of topics that will include prevention, treatment, systematic responses, behaviors, mental health and harm reduction in relation to all types of addiction. The program will include emerging trends and the various addictive habits of alcohol and other drugs, gambling, internet, sex, gaming, food, shopping, pyromania, kleptomania to name a few.

The conference promotes and encourages participation from all parts of the sector towards a shared appreciation of what medical, psychosocial and peer based approaches offer, through the experiences of service users, clinicians and researchers alike. Presenters are encouraged to focus on not only what they have discovered but also on how delegates can apply their learning’s.

Session on: Addiction and Mental Health

Addiction is a disorder of the mind’s reward framework which emerges through transcriptional and epigenetics mechanisms and occurs after some time from constantly elevated amounts of presentation to an addictive stimulus (e.g. eating food, the utilization of cocaine, engagement in sexual intercourse, participation in high-thrill activities such as gambling, etc.). It falls under two classes, substance abuse or drug addiction and behavioral addiction such as gambling addiction

Individuals with depression or other mental health issues are especially defenseless against alcohol and drug use. Also many people who are addicted to drugs are also diagnosed with other mental disorders, including anxiety and depression. Some may drink alcohol or take drugs to reduce pressure or passionate torment, yet doing as such frequently can create or decline mental health conditions.

31^st American Psychiatry and Psychology Congress, March 29-30, 2019 Orlando, Florida, USA; 30^th World Summit on Positive Psychology, Mindfulness and Psychotherapy, March 22-23, 2019 Chicago, Illinois, USA; Annual Congress on Child Care: Mental Health, Psychology and Development, April 12-13, 2019 Toronto, Ontario, Canada; World Summit on Mindfulness, Buddhism and Stress Management, Aug 27-28, 2018 Boston, USA; World Summit on Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, September 19-20, 2018 San Diego, USA; International Conference on Applied Psychology, Psychiatry and Mental Health, Nov 27-28, 2018 Los Angeles, USA; World Summit on Psychiatry, Mental Health Nursing, and Healthcare Nov 27-28, 2018 Los Angeles, USA; 6^th Annual Addictions and Mental Health Nursing, Nov 27-28, 2018 Los Angeles, USA; Global Conference on Addiction and Behavioral Health (GAB 2018) October 04-06, 2018 Las Vegas, USA; Addiction Health Services Research (AHSR) Conference, October 17-19, 2018 Savannah, Georgia; International Society of Addiction Medicine (ISAM) Annual Meeting, November 3-6, 2018 Busan, Korea; International Nurses Society on Addictions (IntNSA) Annual Educational Conference, October 4-7, 2018 Denver, Colorado

Related Associations and Societies:

USA and Canada: American Society of Addiction Medicine, NAADAC: the Association for Addiction Professionals, Society of Addiction Psychology, American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry (AAAP), California Consortium of Addiction Programs and Professionals (CCAPP), International Nurses Society on Addictions (IntNSA), Canadian Society of Addiction Medicine, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction, American Addiction Treatment Association, State Associations of Addiction Services (SAAS)

Europe: European Federation of Addiction Societies, Flemisch Society for Psychiatry, Section on addiction psychiatry, Danish Society of Addiction Psychiatry, Finnish Society of Addiction Medicine, Hungarian Association on Addictions (HAA), Austrian Society for Addiction Research and Addiction Therapy, Faculty of Addictions at the Royal College of Psychiatrists, Royal College of Psychiatrists, The Society for the Study of Addiction (SSA), Polish Society for Research on Addictions, Dutch Society of Practitioners of Addiction Medicine (VVGN), European Federation of Addiction Societies

Asia-Pacific and Middle East: Asia-Pacific Society for Alcohol and Addiction Research, International Society of Addiction Medicine, Asia Pacific Association for Addiction Professionals , International Society of Internet Addiction (ISIA), Africa and Middle East Congress on Addiction

Session on: Alcoholism

Alcoholism or Alcohol dependence, otherwise called alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a sweeping term for any drinking of liquor that outcome in mental or physical prosperity issues. The disorder was previously divided into two kinds: alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. Now it is organized into three categories: mild, moderate and severe. Each category has various symptoms and can cause harmful side effects. When alcohol becomes an obsession, it can be hard to focus on life’s daily pleasures. But with the help of an Alcohol treatment program and ongoing support, even deep-set cases of alcoholism can be addressed, amended, and resolved. Pharmaceutical improvement has concentrated on treating the indications of alcohol withdrawal, decreasing utilization of and craving for alcohol, avoiding relapse and treating related psychiatric problems. Current treatments might be improved by joining psychosocial and pharmacologic ways to treat alcoholic patients with the most fitting regimen to accomplish the coveted helpful result.

Related Associations and Societies:

Session on: Addictive Disorders and Behavioral Healthcare

Addictive disorders, for example, substance abuse and dependence, are regular issues that include the abuse of alcohol or drugs. Addiction creates after some time and is an incessant and backsliding ailment.
There are three different terms used to define substance-related addictive disorders:

Substance abuse
Substance abuse, as a disorder, alludes to the mishandle of illicit substances or the abusive utilization of lawful substances. Liquor is the most well-known legitimate drug to be abused
Substance dependence
Substance dependence is an addictive disorder that describes continued use of drugs or alcohol, even when significant problems related to their use have developed.
Chemical dependence
Chemical dependence is additionally an addictive disorder that portrays the urgent utilization of chemicals (typically drugs or alcohol) and the failure to quit utilizing them in spite of the considerable number of issues caused.

Behavioral health is the logical investigation of the feelings, practices and science identifying with a man's psychological prosperity, their capacity to work in consistently life and their idea of self. “Behavioral health” is the preferred term to “mental health.” A person struggling with his or her behavioral health may face stress, depression, anxiety, relationship problems, grief, addiction, ADHD or learning disabilities, mood disorders, or other psychological concerns. Instructors, advisors, life mentors, analysts, nurture professionals or doctors can assist oversee behavioral health worries with medicines, for example, treatment, guiding, or prescription

Related Associations and Societies:

Session on: Addiction Medicine

Addiction medicine is a restorative specialty that game plans with the treatment of compulsion fall inside the fields of general wellbeing, psychology, social work, psychological wellness guiding, psychiatry, and internal medicine, among others. Consolidated inside the strength are the procedures of detoxification, recovery, harm reduction, restraint based treatment, individual and gathering treatments, oversight of shelter, treatment of withdrawal-related side effects, intense intercession, also, long haul treatments intended to lessen probability of relapse. Some specialists, primarily those who also have expertise in family medicine or internal medicine, also provide treatment for disease states commonly associated with substance use, such as hepatitis and HIV infection.

Related Associations and Societies:

Session on: Marijuana and Opioid Addiction

Marijuana utilize can prompt the improvement of issue utilize, known as a marijuana use disorder, which appears as addiction in serious cases Marijuana use disorders are regularly associated with dependence—in which a person feels withdrawal symptoms when not taking the drug. Individuals who utilize marijuana every now and again frequently report crabbiness, state of mind and rest troubles, diminished hunger, yearnings, anxiety, and additionally different types of physical uneasiness that crest inside the primary a great many quitting and last up to 2 weeks.

Opioid use disorder is a restorative condition described by a tricky example of opioid utilizes that causes clinically huge weakness or misery. It frequently incorporates a powerful urge to utilize opioids, increased tolerance to opioids, and withdrawal syndrome when opioids are abruptly discontinued. . Opioid dependence can show as physical reliance, mental reliance, or both.

Related Associations and Societies:

Session on: Depression and Anxiety

Depression is a psychological illness much of the time co-happening with substance use. The connection between the two disorders is bi-directional, implying that individuals who abuse substances will probably experience depression, and the other way around. Individuals who are depressed may drink or abuse drugs to lift their mood or escape from sentiments of blame or gloom.

One of the behaviors found in persons with addiction that is disproportionate to the rest of the population is Anxiety. Anxiety’s self-treatment with drugs and alcohol gives an individual brief alleviation, but there is long term damage done to the mechanisms that help relieve the symptoms of anxiety. This cycle of self-prescription and bounce back anxiety digs a deeper and deeper hole for the addicted person making treatment and breaking this downward spiral harder and harder as time goes by.

Related Associations and Societies:

Session on: Stress and Trauma

In psychology, stress is a feeling of strain and pressure. Addiction and stress often go hand in hand. For the individuals who are managing with high levels of stress in their day by day lives, alcohol and drugs are often used to diminish the symptoms of stress, once in a while leading to substance abuse and addiction.

Psychological trauma often occurs in those who have encountered critical harm to their psyche. This may take place because a patient has survived an especially upsetting occasion or circumstance. Each victim of psychological trauma has individual needs that they might turn to drugs for, which can open the door toward drug addiction. This dependence on substances can lead to drug addiction in patients of psychological trauma

Related Events:

Related Associations and Societies:

Session on: Behavioral Addiction and Rehabilitation

Behavioral addiction is a type of addiction that includes an impulse to participate in a compensating non-drug related conduct – now and again called a characteristic reward – in spite of any negative results to the person's physical, mental, social or financial well-being. A gene transcription factor referred to as Delta FosB has been distinguished as an essential regular calculate included both behavioral and drug addictions, which are related with a similar set of neural adaptations in the reward system.

Rehabilitation is the strategy of supportive or psychotherapeutic treatment for dependence on psychoactive substances, for example, alcohol, meds and road drugs, for instance cocaine, heroin or amphetamines. The general intent is to enable the patient to confront substance dependence, if present, and cease substance abuse to avoid the psychological, legal, financial, social, and physical consequences that can be caused, especially by extreme abuse. Treatment incorporates solution for depression or different disorders, guiding by specialists and sharing of involvement with different addicts

Related Associations and Societies:

Session on: Addiction Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry

Addiction psychiatry is a therapeutic subspecialty inside psychiatry that spotlights on the assessment, examination, and treatment of who are encountering from no short of what one issue identified with addiction. Addiction psychiatry includes both pharmaceutical and psychotherapy, or expert remedial cooperation, as the systems of treating people. Addiction psychiatrists suggest the advantages of 12-Step projects, for example, Narcotics Anonymous and Alcoholics Anonymous and frequently urge patients to look for outer help.

Neuropsychiatry is a branch of solution that arrangements with mental disorders owing to illnesses of the sensory system. It went before the present controls of psychiatry and neurology, which had basic training; be that as it may, psychiatry and neurology have in this way split separated and are commonly honed independently. Individuals with traumatic brain injury can have a multitude of physical symptoms and often may have cognitive, emotional, or behavioral problems as well. These can be as -- or more -- debilitating than the neurologic squeal.

Related Associations and Societies:

Session on: Addiction Nursing and Recovery

Addiction nurse, sometimes referred to as a substance abuse nurse, specializes in the treatment of patients addicted to drugs, alcohol or other substances. Addiction nurse are trained in mental health in addition to general medicine. They give torment administration, training for patients and guardians about the threats of substance abuse and enthusiastic help to patients in emergency. They are committed to the prevention, intervention, treatment, and management of addictive disorders including alcohol and other drug dependencies, nicotine dependencies , eating disorders, dual and multiple diagnoses, and process addictions such as gambling.

Recovery: Actually, for many individuals, recovery is a deep rooted process, requiring their progressing work and attention. Now and again, the way to lifelong recovery may feel simple. Other times, it will be difficult for individuals to withstand the impulse to backslide. Like anything throughout everyday life, it's a trip that may highlight differing territory, so lifelong support is essential.

Related Topics:

Related Associations and Societies:

Session on: Medication-Assisted Treatment and Recovery

Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) is the utilization of prescriptions, in blend with advising and behavioral treatments, to give an "entire patient" way to deal with the treatment of substance use disorder. Research shows that a combination of medication and therapy can successfully treat these disorders, and for some people struggling with addiction, MAT can help sustain recovery. MAT is basically utilized for the treatment of addiction on opioids, for example, heroin and remedy pain relievers that contain sedatives. The prescribed medication operates to normalize brain chemistry, block the euphoric effects of alcohol and opioids, relieve physiological cravings, and normalize body functions without the negative effects of the abused drug. Prescriptions utilized as a part of MAT are endorsed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and MAT projects are clinically determined and customized to address every patient's issues. Combining medications used in MAT with anxiety treatment medications can be fatal. Types of anxiety treatment medications include derivatives of Benzodiazepine, such as Xanax or valium.

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Session on: Self-Harm and Suicide Prevention

Self-harm is an expansive term that alludes to any cognizant and deliberate demonstration of damage toward oneself. While some people hurt themselves as a means of ending their life, there are others who engage in self-injurious behavior that doesn’t stem from a desire to die. These kinds of practices coordinated toward oneself incorporate cutting, burning, hitting, hair pulling and different demonstrations of deliberate self-damage. The act of something like self-cutting or hair pulling can provide a temporary emotional release, distraction from pain, or sense of greater aliveness by de-numbing

Suicide prevention action is an umbrella term for the aggregate endeavors of nearby national associations, wellbeing experts and related experts to diminish the rate of suicide. Beyond direct interventions to stop an impending suicide, methods also involve a) treating the psychological and psycho-physiological symptoms of depression, b) improving the coping strategies of persons who would generally truly think about suicide, c) decreasing the predominance of conditions accepted to constitute chance elements for suicide, and d) giving individuals seek after a superior life after current issues are resolved.

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Session on: Dual Diagnosis: Mental Illness and Substance Use

Double diagnosis (likewise alluded to as co-occurring disorders) is the point at which a man is influenced by both mental illness and substance use (additionally alluded to as the utilization of alcohol or potentially tranquilizes). Psychological sickness and substance use interface to exacerbate every finding and to have genuine, unfavorable consequences for some regions of working (counting work, connections, wellbeing, and security). Recovery from mental illness is substantially more trying for individuals with a double conclusion, and the issues looked by groups of individuals with double diagnosis can be more intricate and confounding than psychological sickness alone.

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Session on: Health Care Research and Drug Policy

Health services research is a "multidisciplinary field of logical examination that reviews how social components, financing frameworks, authoritative structures and procedures, wellbeing advancements, and individual practices influence access to wellbeing.” Applied health services research gives information, proof, and instruments to influence health care to mind reasonable, protected, successful, fair, available, and tolerant focused. For instance, items coming from health services research look into serve to empower suppliers and patients to settle on better choices. They also can be used to design health care benefits and inform policy

Drug policy is the arrangement, typically of a legislature, with respect to the control and regulation of drugs thought about hazardous, especially those which are addictive. Governments try to combat drug addiction with policies which address both the demand and supply of drugs, as well as policies which can mitigate the harms of drug abuse, and for medical treatment. Demand reduction measures incorporate preclusion; fines for drug offenses, detainment for people indicted for tranquilize offenses, treatment, (for example, deliberate recovery, coercive care, or supply on medicinal prescription for drug abusers), awareness campaigns, community social services, and support for families.

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Session on: Pharmacology and Therapeutics of Drugs

Pharmacology is the investigation of drugs, of their activity and their work. A drug can be defined like any compound introduced into a living organism, animal or human, in order to prevent or to cure a disease, or only to attenuate symptoms, or to establish a diagnosis. Drug is a well-defined molecule which, as per its structure, cooperates with an objective of our body or that of a microorganism and causes impacts identified with the alteration of this target its useful impacts, its clinical uses and regularly its unfriendly impacts result from this cooperation. A drug is a particle of which the valuable impacts showed up adequately critical contrasted with the unfavorable impacts for getting another drug endorsement. Drugs, utilized on a preventive or remedial premise of sicknesses or to alter a physiological parameter like fertility, entered the regular daily existence of every one

Therapeutics is the piece of the pharmaceutical which ponders and applies the methods reasonable to cure and to alleviate the patients. The principal difference between pharmacology and therapeutics is that the first is based on the properties of drugs from which are deduced their clinical uses and contraindications, whereas the second depends on the patient and the ailment to be dealt with and searches for the best means for achieving that point: drugs and different means, surgery, psychotherapy, radiotherapy, recovery, pacemaker, angioplasties .Pharmacology and therapeutics go for a similar objective to enhance the treatment of the patients - and are corresponding.

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Session on: Holistic and Alternative Treatment Approaches

Holistic treatment is a type of healing that considers the entire individual - body, brain, soul, and feelings - in the journey for ideal wellbeing and health. According to the holistic treatment philosophy, one can achieve optimal health -- the primary goal of holistic medicine practice -- by gaining proper balance in life. All Holistic treatment experts assume that the whole individual is involved related parts and if one area isn't working honestly, the different parts will be impacted in this way, if people have imbalances (physical, emotional, or spiritual) in their lives, it can negatively affect their overall health.

The expression "Alternative Medicine" alludes to elective restorative frameworks other than allopathic or customary (ordinary) western medication. These incorporate Traditional Chinese Medicine, Homeopathy and Herbalism. These all require certification and the practitioner is referred to as a doctor. They might carry the title of Naturopathic Physician or Doctor of Chiropractic. Alternative medication is utilized as a part of place of customary or traditional solution, albeit a few people utilize them together.

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Abstracts Open: February 2018
Abstracts Close: August 2018
Full Papers for Peer Review: June 2018
Early Bird Registrations Close: March 31^st, 2018

Addictive behaviors are among the greatest scourges on humankind. It is important to estimate the extent of the problem globally and in different geographical regions. Such estimates are available, but there is a need to collate and evaluate these to arrive at the best available synthetic figures. Addiction has commissioned this paper as the first of a series attempting to do this.

Online sources of global, regional and national information on prevalence and major harms relating to alcohol use, tobacco use, unsanctioned psychoactive drug use and gambling were identified through expert review and assessed. The primary data sources located were the websites of the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and the Alberta Gambling Research Institute. Summary statistics were compared with recent publications on the global epidemiology of addictive behaviors.

An estimated 4.9% of the world's adult population (240 million people) suffer from alcohol use disorder (7.8% of men and 1.5% of women), with alcohol causing an estimated 257 disability-adjusted life years lost per 100 000 population. An estimated 22.5% of adults in the world (1 billion people) smoke tobacco products (32.0% of men and 7.0% of women). It is estimated that 11% of deaths in males and 6% of deaths in females each year are due to tobacco. Of ‘unsanctioned psychoactive drugs’, cannabis is the most prevalent at 3.5% globally, with each of the others at < 1%; 0.3% of the world's adult population (15 million people) inject drugs. Use of unsanctioned psychoactive drugs accounts for an estimated 83 disability-adjusted life years lost per 100 000 population. Global estimates of problem gambling are not possible, but in countries where it has been assessed the prevalence is estimated at 1.5%.

Tobacco and alcohol use are by far the most prevalent addictive behaviors and cause the large majority of the harm. However, the quality of data on prevalence and addiction-related harms is mostly low, and comparisons between countries and regions must be viewed with caution. There is an urgent need to review the quality of data on which global estimates are made and coordinate efforts to arrive at a more consistent approach.

Statistics on Addiction

According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health(NSDUH), 21.5 million American adults (aged 12 and older) battled a substance use disorder in 2014.

Almost 80 percent of individuals suffering from a substance use disorder in 2014 struggled with an alcohol use disorder, NSDUH

Over 7 million Americans in 2014 battled a drug use disorder, per NSDUH.

One out of every eight people who suffered from a drug use disorder in 2014, according to NSUDH, struggled with both alcohol and drug use disorders simultaneously.

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) publishes that in 2014, almost 8 million American adults battled both a mental health disorder and a substance use disorder, or co-occurring disorders.

Drug abuse and addiction cost American society close to $200 billion in healthcare, criminal justice, legal, and lost workplace production/participation costs in 2007, the Office on National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) reports.

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the global burden of disease related to drug and alcohol issues to be 5.4 percent worldwide.

Causes of Addiction

Addiction is considered to be, on average, heritable about 50 percent of the time, the journal Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics

Genetics and environmental factors are thought to play equal roles in the onset of addiction, the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence (NCADD) states.

Abusing drugs or alcohol before the brain is fully developed, any time before a person’s mid-20s, may increase the risk for addiction later in life due to the changes these substances make to growing brains, the journal Clinical EEG and Neuroscience

Statistics on Specific Population Demographics and Addiction

Adolescents (aged 12-17):

NSDUH reports that in 2014, approximately 5 percent of the American adolescent population suffered from a substance use disorder; this equates to 1.3 million teens, or 1 in every 12.

Almost 700,000 American youths between ages 12 and 17 battled an alcohol use disorder in 2013, according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA).

An estimated 867,000 adolescents suffered from an illicit drug use disorder in 2014, which was a decline from previous years, per NSDUH.

Individuals who tried marijuana or alcohol before the age of 15 were almost four times as likely to suffer from a marijuana use disorder as an adult than those who waited until after age 18 to try these substances, according to data published in the 2013 NSDUH.

Young adults aged 18-25:

About one out of every six American young adults (between the ages of 18 and 25) battled a substance use disorder in 2014, NSDUH This represents the highest percentage out of any age group at 16.3 percent.

Heroin addiction among young adults between 18 and 25 years old has doubled in the past 10 years, AARP

In college students studied in 2010, the Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) found that alcohol was the number one substance this group received specialized treatment for, at 72 percent of those admitted to public substance abuse programs did so for an alcohol use disorder (marijuana was second at 55.7 percent and prescription drugs were third at 31.6 percent).

Over age 25:

Approximately 14.5 million adults aged 26 or older struggled with a substance use disorder in 2014, NSUDH

College graduates aged 26 or older battled drug addiction at lower rates than those who did not graduate from high school or those who didn’t finish college, the 2013 NSDUH

Elderly individuals:

An estimated 15 percent of elderly individuals may suffer from problems with substance abuse and addiction, Today’s Geriatric Medicine

Over 3 percent of the older adult population may struggle with an alcohol use disorder.

• This generation takes more prescription drugs than younger ones, has lower metabolisms, potentially suffers from social isolation and ageism, may struggle with many medical issues, and therefore may be at a high risk for prescription drug abuse and dependence, according to Psychiatric Times.

Two-thirds of the population over the age of 65, who struggle with alcohol addiction, battled an alcohol use disorder at a younger age and carried it with them as they aged.

Between 21 and 66 percent of elderly individuals battling a substance use disorder also suffer from a co-occurring mental health disorder.

Men vs. women:

In 2013, adult men in the United States struggled with an alcohol use disorder at rates double those of women, 10.8 million as compared to 5.8 million, NIAAA

For boys and girls between the ages of 12 and 17, both genders battle substance use disorders at similar rates, making it the only age bracket that men did not significantly outweigh women, the 2013 NSDUH

Close to 70 percent of treatment admissions for substance abuse in 2010 were male, TEDS

Men may be more likely to abuse illicit drugs than women, but women may be just as prone to addiction as men when they do abuse them, NIDA

Ethnicity/race:

The 2013 NSDUH reports that American Indians and Alaska natives had the highest rate of substance abuse and dependence at 14.3 percent.

Approximately 11.3 percent of Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders suffered from substance abuse and dependence in 2013, NSDUH

According to NSDUH, Hispanics and whites suffered from substance abuse and dependence at similar rates in 2013, around 8.5 percent, while about 7.4 percent of African Americans struggled with it.

Asians suffered from substance abuse and dependency the least at rates around 4.5 percent, per the 2013 NSDUH.

A study of undergraduate college students published in the Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse found that whites and Hispanics were more likely to have issues surrounding drug abuse than their Asian and African American counterparts.

Criminal justice/employment status:

Almost twice as many people who are unemployed struggle with addiction than those who are fulltime workers, CNN Money reports; around 17 percent of the unemployed and 9 percent of the employed population struggled with a substance use disorder in 2012.

About half of the population of American prisons and jails suffer from addiction, according to NCAAD.

Around three-quarters of individuals in a state prison or local jail who suffer from a mental illness also struggle with substance abuse, and the opposite is also true, the National Institute of Health (NIH) publishes.

Statistics on Addiction to Specific Substances

Cocaine:

Over 900,000 American adults (over age 11) struggled with a cocaine use disorder in 2014, per NSDUH.

In 2010, TEDS reported that 8 percent of all treatment admissions were for cocaine abuse or dependency issues.

Heroin:

The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) reports that in 2015, approximately 586,000 Americans aged 12 and older struggled with a substance use disorder involving heroin.

Almost a quarter of people who abuse heroin will become addicted to it, ASAM

Heroin abuse and addiction have risen in all population and demographic groups in the United States over the past few years, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states.

Individuals addicted to alcohol are two times more likely to also be addicted to heroin, while those addicted to marijuana are three times more likely, individuals addicted to cocaine are 15 times more likely, and people addicted to prescription drugs are 40 times more likely to also be addicted to heroin, per the CDC.

The highest at-risk population for heroin addiction, as reported by S. News, is non-Hispanic white males between the ages of 18 and 25 who live in large cities.

Almost three-fourths of individuals admitted to treatment for a heroin abuse or dependency concern, according to the 2010 TEDS, cited injection as the primary method of abuse.

Prescription drugs:

Prescription drugs are abused at high rates. NSUDH reports that the most common types of psychotherapeutic drugs abused in 2013 were pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives in that order. Pain relievers are the most common cause of a substance use disorder among prescription drugs.

ASAM publishes that over 2 million Americans over the age of 11 struggled with an opioid pain reliever abuse disorder in 2014.

ASAM also reports that women may more rapidly develop a prescription painkiller addiction than men.

On average, according to studies published in the journal Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, individuals who were admitted to opioid treatment programs who abused only prescription opioids, or those who abused both heroin and prescription opioids, were about five years younger than individuals admitted solely for heroin abuse or dependency.

Marijuana:

Almost 6 percent of fulltime college students in the United States smoked marijuana daily in 2014, NIDA publish; this is more than triple the number of daily smokers 20 years prior.

Approximately 4.2 million American adults (over the age of 11) battled a marijuana use disorder in 2014, NSDUH

The majority of people struggling with marijuana addiction in 2014 were between the ages of 12 and 25, according to NSDUH.

Marijuana use disorders accounted for the third highest number of treatment admissions (at 18 percent) to substance abuse programs in 2010, TEDS reported

Alcohol:

According to NCADD, alcohol is the most abused addictive substance in America.

In 2013, an estimated 16.6 million American adults (18 and older) battled an alcohol use disorder, NIAAA

In 2010, TEDS published that 41 percent of all substance abuse treatment admissions were for alcohol.

The Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality (CBHSQ) reported that in 2010, among American military veterans between the ages of 21 and 39 who admitted to substance abuse treatment programs, more than half cited alcohol as the primary substance of concern.

Over half of all American adults have a personal family history of problem drinking or alcohol addiction, NCADD

Stats on Addiction Treatment

In 2013, only 10.9 percent of the individuals who needed treatment in a specialized facility for a substance use or dependency concern actually received it, NSDUH

About 1.3 million adults and 73,000 adolescents received treatment in 2013 at a specialized facility for an alcohol use disorder, NIAAA

Around a third of all college students admitted to publicly funded substance abuse treatment programs in 2010 battled a co-occurring mental health disorder, according to TEDS.

Over 115,000 Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) groups exist in more than 175 countries around the world, serving more than 2 million members.

Opiates accounted for almost a quarter of all substance abuse treatment admissions in 2010, per TEDS.

Most of the people who need treatment for addiction, but don’t get it, don’t feel they need it. NSDUH reports that in 2013, more than 95 percent of those who needed specialty substance abuse treatment, and didn’t receive it, didn’t think they needed it.

There are many types of treatment options. NIDA reports that there are over 14,500 specialized substance abuse treatment programs providing a variety of care options, from therapeutic methods to pharmaceutical tools to complementary forms of medicine.

Relapse is common in addiction treatment, with relapse rates being between 40 and 60 percent, NIDA This rate is very similar to rates of relapse with other chronic diseases like hypertension, asthma, or type I diabetes.

Addiction is considered a highly treatable disease, and recovery is attainable. About 10 percent of Americans (adults who were at least 18 years old) claim to be in recovery from an alcohol or drug abuse issue, the New York State Office on Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Services (OASAS) publishes.

Why San Diego:

San Diego County ranks as the eighth largest city in the United States of America located in southwestern California, adjacent to the coast of Pacific Ocean. San Diego shares about 80 miles of border with Mexico. The San Ysidro port of entry, close to Tijuana City, is known to be the busiest border crossing in the world, accommodating approximately 40 million legal crossings annually. Both these cities are geographically located on major drug trafficking routes that bring illegal drugs from South America into the United States. In particular, San Diego is a major transshipment point for both methamphetamines and marijuana. Each year the various bodies monitoring, eradicating and cracking down on the abuse of drugs formulate their respective data which gives insight into the trends of synthesized drugs being produced, trafficked and sold.

Heroin- San Diego’s Major Cause of Concern:In 2013, a study done by the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) Substance Abuse monitoring program showed that prevalent abuse of certain prescription drugs were catalyzing the rise in heroin use in San Diego County. The drug use trends, when studied in the jail population, are a good indicator of what the crisis might be among the general population.

A Replacement for Opiates

Researchers found out that heroin is used as a replacement for prescription opiates due the fact that it is cheaper and easier to obtain. Studies showed that the 27% of heroin users experimented with prescription drugs before trying heroin and that 63% used heroin as a substitute because it was easily available and was relatively more affordable. The 10-year period between 2002 to 2012 saw a significant rise of adult men as well women booked into jail because they tested positive for opiates.

Increased Heroin Usage

This category of opiates includes heroin, morphine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone and codeine. The study done by the San Diego County Association of Governments Criminal Justice Research Division showed the rate increased from 5% to 10% in case of men and from 6% to 12% among women. According to the San Diego County Prescription Drug Abuse Task Force, from 2007 to 2012, there was an increase in the number of seizures of heroin that went up from 111 to 470.

Prescription Opioids/Opiates Other Than Heroin:

Treatment admissions for prescription opioids/opiates other than heroin (narcotic analgesics) remained low in the first half of 2013, representing 4.5 percent of all admissions. This compares with 4.0 percent of total treatment admissions in the first half of 2011 and 4.8 percent in the first half of 2012. Among adult arrestees in the San Diego Substance Abuse Monitoring program, the proportion reporting any illegal use of prescription drugs (including prescription opioids) decreased, from 42 percent in CY 2011 to 39 percent in CY 2012. Among juvenile arrestees, the proportion reporting any illegal use of prescription drugs increased from 37 percent in CY 2011 to 44 percent in CY 2012.

MDMA:

As in previous years, MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine or ecstasy) indicators were relatively low. MDMA accounted for less than 1.0 percent of all San Diego treatment admissions in the first half of 2013. Prevalence of self-reported lifetime use of MDMA increased by 1 percentage point among adult arrestees, from 27 percent in CY 2011 to 28 percent in CY 2012. Self-reported lifetime use decreased among juvenile arrestees, from 47 percent in CY 2011 to 34 percent in CY 2012. MDMA reports ranked 18th among total drug reports from items analyzed by NFLIS laboratories in the first half of 2013, representing less than 1.0 percent of reports, down from 10th place in the first half of 2012.

Data Sources: Arrestee data were from the San Diego Association of Governments' Substance Abuse Monitoring program, a regional continuation of the Federal Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring program that was discontinued in 2003. This report presents data for calendar year 2012, for both adult (n=854) and juvenile (n=120) arrestees, compared with 2011 data. Forensic laboratory data were from NFLIS, Drug Enforcement Administration. There were 6,103 primary, secondary, and tertiary drug reports provided by Federal, State, and local forensic laboratories between January and June 2013. Treatment data came from the San Diego County Department of Alcohol and Drug Programs (ADP). Tables were made using the California Outcomes Measurement System (CalOMS). CalOMS is a statewide client-based data collec¬tion and outcomes measurement system for alcohol and other drug (AOD) prevention and treatment services. Submission of admission/discharge information for all clients is required of all counties and their subcontracted AOD providers, all direct contract providers receiving public AOD funding, and all private-pay licensed narcotic treatment providers. Data for this report include admissions in San Diego County for the period January–June 2013. Note that CalOMS was implemented in early 2006, replacing the earlier California Alcohol and Drug Data System (CADDS) system. Therefore, data reported for periods prior to July 2006 may not be comparable to more recent periods. Mortality data were obtained from the Emergency Medical Services Medical Examiner Database, which is maintained by the County of San Diego Health and Human Services Agency. This report contains preliminary data on drug overdoses from January to June 2013. Street drug price data for July 2013 came from the San Diego Law Enforcement Coordination Center Street Drug Price List.

Abuse on the Rise

The percentage of treatment admissions that indicated heroin to be the primary drug used also increased from 17 % to 23% and the number of deaths due to heroin overdose rose to 74 from 57. 2015 saw 104 deaths from heroin overdose in the county. This figure was up by more than 22% from the year before. In 2016, the price of heroin per gram has fallen from $50-$100 down to $50-$70. This paints a bleak picture in terms of how many people are going to continue using the drug and on top of that, more will be attracted to it due to its low sale price.

Methamphetamines – A Cause for Concern

Reports from the National Forensic Laboratory Information System (NFLIS) in 2013 showed that methamphetamines continued to rank first among drug reports from items seized and analyzed in San Diego. Also due to prevailing use of methamphetamines, the year saw an overall decrease in the price per gram of methamphetamine. In 2013, a gram cost about $60-$80 whereas an ounce was sold approximately between $400 and $1200. A year before in 2012, it cost $80-$100 for a gram and between $900 and $1200 per ounce.

Increased Drug Overdose Cases

A total of 169 cases of overdose causing deaths were reported to have involved methamphetamine in 2013 - that is 5.4 per 100,000 people. The death toll seemed to have risen through 2008, when 83 overdose deaths were recorded, which is 2.7 per 100,000 people. Through the years ranging from 2005 to 2015, the amounts of cocaine seized along the borders of San Diego showed increase while the amount of marijuana seized over time declined. Methamphetamine seizures continued to increase during this period. The city of El Cajon situated in the heart of the Valley Mountains of San Diego has been named the world’s crystal meth capital for its many locations of shady clandestine labs.

The Human Truth

When evaluating and reporting this data, it is very easy to forgo and forget that each entry represents a real human life. Why an individual falls prey to drug addiction or abuse is a very deep and personal story of each of these human tragedies. Analyzing this data will help people understand an issue that is very rapidly becoming a major concern for state as well as national politics. Illicit drug abuse costs the United States $193 billion annually due to lost productivity, healthcare expenses, and associated crime, according to a study by the National Drug Intelligence Center.

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